Most knocks, scares, and minor limps settle within a few minutes on their own. Knowing when a genuine emergency arises is crucial. It's important to check calmly and carefully.
Three checks that matter most
Before starting any first aid, check three things: whether your dog is breathing normally, whether the gums show as healthy pink (rather than pale, blue, or grey), and whether there is there any bleeding you can see or feel.
When to take action rather than wait
Anything involving breathing, circulation, heavy bleeding, or a suspected poisoning needs immediate attention. Rather than waiting to see how things develop, you should take action straight away.
Step by step
Stay safe and keep your dog calm
Don't rush in if there's traffic, water, or a frightened animal involved. A hurt or scared dog can snap and bite unexpectedly, so approach slowly and speak calmly.
Check breathing, gums, and bleeding
Check for normal breathing, healthy pink gums, and no bleeding you can see. These quick checks take seconds and tells you how urgent things are.
Evaluate carefully, and act when urgent
If you find there is severe breathing trouble, collapse, heavy bleeding, or suspected poisoning then ring the vet immediately.
Ring ahead before you set off
A quick call to a vet means the practice is ready for you, and they can often talk you through what to do on the way.
Move calmly and keep watching
If you can manage it, carry a small injured dog rather than letting it walk. In any case, monitor breathing and alertness en route so that you can give a useful report to the vet.
None of this replaces a proper first aid course, or your own vet's advice for your particular dog. If in doubt, the safest choice is always to ring and ask for veterinary advice.